{"id":20500,"date":"2026-03-31T11:03:42","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T09:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.troostwijk.nl\/?page_id=20500"},"modified":"2026-03-31T11:03:42","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T09:03:42","slug":"international-indices","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.troostwijk.nl\/en\/research\/international-indices\/","title":{"rendered":"International indices"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row el_class=&#8221;confirm-page-message&#8221;][vc_column]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03b7667{color:#000000;font-size:var(--wpex-text-5xl);}<\/style><h1 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-h1 wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03b7667\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Troostwijk International Cost Indices 2026<\/span><\/h1><style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03b8287{color:#000000;font-size:18px;}<\/style><h1 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-h2 wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03b8287\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">The Troostwijk Group monitors global developments on behalf of its internationally operating clients<\/span><\/h1><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:40px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1771504678293{padding-right: 20px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:50px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div><style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03b9667{color:#0085ca;font-size:20px;}<\/style><h1 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-h4 wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03b9667\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">A regional outlook for construction costs for business and industrial real estate and machinery production costs.<\/span><\/h1>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Construction costs and machinery production costs both increased by 4.1% globally in 2025. Across regions, construction cost growth ranged from 9.2% in Africa to 2.7% in Australia and New Zealand, while machinery production costs rose between 9.8% in Africa and 1.8% in Europe. For 2026, both categories are expected to show some moderation, with global growth projected at 3.9% for construction costs and 3.7% for machinery production costs. Nevertheless, the outlook remains uncertain, largely due to ongoing geopolitical tensions and their possible impact on inflation and supply chains.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong>Graph:<\/strong> percentage change in construction and machinery costs in 2025 by continent. *Australia &amp; New Zealand<\/p>\n<p><em>Bron: Troostwijk Groep<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_line_chart style=&#8221;modern&#8221; x_values=&#8221;Africa; Asia; A\/NZ*; Europe; Latin-America; USA\/Canada;&#8221; values=&#8221;%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%22%20Construction%20costs%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%229.2%3B%204.9%3B%202.7%3B%203.4%3B%203.1%3B%203.5%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Machinery%20costs%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%229.8%3B%205.8%3B%202.6%3B%201.8%3B%202.0%3B%203.6%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%7D%5D&#8221; animation=&#8221;easeInOutQuint&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774866685062{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1771504678293{padding-right: 20px !important;}&#8221;]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03ba1e5{color:#0085ca;font-size:20px;}<\/style><h1 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-h4 wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03ba1e5\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">2018\u20132025: Covid, labour scarcity and war<\/span><\/h1><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Since early 2020, the economic environment relevant to the insurance and valuation market has changed profoundly. What began as a period of moderate inflation developed, from 2021 onwards, into a broad-based cost shock. This was driven by the after-effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and, particularly in Europe, by the economic consequences of Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine. At the same time, inflationary pressures, largely linked to higher energy prices, translated into substantial wage increases, especially in higher-income economies.<\/p>\n<p>For the insurance and valuation sector, this meant that declared values and sums insured became outdated much faster than many portfolios were prepared for. This applied not only to buildings, but also to machinery and technical equipment. As is often the case during periods of elevated inflation, however, these asset categories did not move in parallel.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774353500579{background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; column_spacing=&#8221;30&#8243; gap=&#8221;30&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774347046245{background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:75px;\"><\/div><style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03bbbc7{font-size:var(--wpex-text-4xl);}<\/style><h2 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl vcex_69d62f03bbbc7\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Machinery costs<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:30px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Since 2018, machinery costs in Europe have increased by approximately 29% on average. Considerably larger increases were recorded in Africa (+85%) and Asia (+48%), while Latin America (+40%), the United States and Canada (+37%), and Australia and New Zealand (+30%) showed similar or moderately higher increases than Europe.<\/p>\n<p>Machinery costs are strongly influenced by (global) competition, producer prices, and the prices of energy, metals, electronics and semiconductors, as well as by exchange rates and the functioning of international supply chains. In some parts of the world, local manufacturing capacity remains limited, making the import of equipment from Europe, Asia or other regions the only realistic option for companies operating there. This is particularly relevant in Africa.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column wpex_shadow=&#8221;shadow-md&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774347179215{border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03bcc9a{font-size:18px;}<\/style><h2 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl wpex-text-center vcex_69d62f03bcc9a\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Development machinery costs<br \/>\n2018-2026 (2018=100)<\/span><\/h2>[vc_line_chart type=&#8221;line&#8221; style=&#8221;modern&#8221; x_values=&#8221;2018; 2019; 2020; 2021; 2022; 2023; 2024; 2025; 2026(F)&#8221; values=&#8221;%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%22Africa%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100%3B%20105.2%3B%20111.7%3B%20121.4%3B%20134.6%3B%20150.0%3B%20168.7%3B%20185.2%3B%20200.1%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Asia%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20102.6%3B%20105.0%3B%20108.6%3B%20122.8%3B%20132.9%3B%20140.2%3B%20148.3%3B%20155.2%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Australia%20%26%20Nieuw%20Zealand%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20102.5%3B%20103.8%3B%20107.9%3B%20120.4%3B%20125.4%3B%20126.6%3B%20129.9%3B%20133.3%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%2375d69c%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Europe%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20101.2%3B%20102.5%3B%20105.7%3B%20116.9%3B%20123.1%3B%20126.5%3B%20128.8%3B%20130.7%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23555555%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Latin%20America%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20104.0%3B%20109.5%3B%20121.4%3B%20130.0%3B%20134.3%3B%20136.9%3B%20139.7%3B%20142.5%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23fe6c61%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22USA%20%26%20Canada%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20101.8%3B%20103.9%3B%20109.1%3B%20121.0%3B%20128.3%3B%20132.2%3B%20136.9%3B%20142.4%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22sky%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%235aa1e3%22%7D%5D&#8221; animation=&#8221;easeInOutQuint&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774867280893{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774353500579{background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221;][vc_column wpex_shadow=&#8221;shadow-md&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774293935224{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:40px;\"><\/div><style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03be254{color:#0085ca;}<\/style><h3 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03be254\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Machinery cost Indice (2018 = 100)<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:40px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]\n<table width=\"604\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\"><strong>Africa<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\"><strong>Asia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\"><strong>A &amp; NZ*<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\"><strong>Europe<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\"><strong>Latin-America<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\"><strong>USA &amp; Canada<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2018<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">100,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2019<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">105,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">102,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">102,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">101,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">104,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">101,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2020<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">111,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">105,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">103,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">102,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">109,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">103,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2021<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">121,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">108,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">107,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">105,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">121,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">109,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2022<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">134,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">122,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">120,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">116,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">130,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">121,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2023<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">150,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">132,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">125,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">123,1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">134,3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">128,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2024<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">168,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">140,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">126,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">126,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">136,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">132,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">185,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">148,3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">129,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">128,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">139,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">136,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"77\"><strong>2026 (F)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">200,1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">155,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"76\">133,3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"69\">130,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">142,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">142,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:40px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774353500579{background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; column_spacing=&#8221;30&#8243; gap=&#8221;30&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774347046245{background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:30px;\"><\/div><style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03c00b2{font-size:var(--wpex-text-4xl);}<\/style><h2 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl vcex_69d62f03c00b2\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Construction costs<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:30px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]In contrast to machinery and equipment, construction costs are far more dependent on local economic conditions. Whereas machinery production is embedded in globalised supply chains and exposed to international competition, construction activity is predominantly domestic in nature. Materials, labour and contractors are generally sourced locally, while international competition is limited and therefore less able to restrain rising prices. As a result, construction costs tend to react more strongly to local inflationary pressures, including wage growth, energy prices and shortages of building materials.<\/p>\n<p>This has led to significantly stronger cost escalation in construction than in machinery production over the same period. Since 2018, construction costs have risen on average by approximately 47% in Europe, 49% in Asia, 195% in Africa, 48% in Latin America, 48% in the United States and Canada, and 45% in Australia and New Zealand. These figures underline that, while inflation has affected all asset classes, the impact on buildings and other construction-related assets has generally been more pronounced because of the sector\u2019s localised and labour-intensive character.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column wpex_shadow=&#8221;shadow-md&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774347179215{border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03c10c4{font-size:18px;}<\/style><h2 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl wpex-text-center vcex_69d62f03c10c4\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Development construction costs<br \/>\n2018-2026 (2018=100)<\/span><\/h2>[vc_line_chart type=&#8221;line&#8221; style=&#8221;modern&#8221; x_values=&#8221;2018; 2019; 2020; 2021; 2022; 2023; 2024; 2025; 2026(F)&#8221; values=&#8221;%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%22Africa%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100%3B%20105.2%3B%20112.8%3B%20121.7%3B%20132.8%3B%20153.6%3B%20178.5%3B%20194.8%3B%20211.6%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Asia%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20102.8%3B%20105.5%3B%20111.0%3B%20125.5%3B%20134.6%3B%20141.9%3B%20148.8%3B%20155.6%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Australia%20%26%20New-Zealand%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20103.4%3B%20105.7%3B%20111.8%3B%20126.4%3B%20134.6%3B%20141.1%3B%20144.9%3B%20149.4%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%2375d69c%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Europe%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20103.0%3B%20104.7%3B%20112.2%3B%20129.4%3B%20137.8%3B%20142.5%3B%20147.2%3B%20151.7%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23555555%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22Latin-America%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20103.0%3B%20107.1%3B%20118.9%3B%20131.3%3B%20137.6%3B%20143.3%3B%20147.8%3B%20153.1%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23fe6c61%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%22USA%20%26%20Canada%22%2C%22y_values%22%3A%22100.0%3B%20104.8%3B%20107.0%3B%20114.0%3B%20129.9%3B%20140.3%3B%20143.1%3B%20148.2%3B%20153.5%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22sky%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%235aa1e3%22%7D%5D&#8221; animation=&#8221;easeInOutQuint&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774867575812{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774353500579{background-color: #DCEAF7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column wpex_shadow=&#8221;shadow-md&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1771504950728{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:10px;\"><\/div><style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03c258c{color:#0085ca;}<\/style><h3 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03c258c\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Construction cost Indice (2018=100)<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:40px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]\n<table width=\"456\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"58\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"45\"><strong>Africa<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"42\"><strong>Asia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"59\"><strong>A &amp; NZ*<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"53\"><strong>Europe<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"109\"><strong>Latin-America<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"90\"><strong>USA &amp; Canada<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2018<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">100,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">100,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2019<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">105,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">102,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">103,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">103,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">103,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">104,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2020<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">112,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">105,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">105,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">104,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">107,1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">107,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2021<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">121,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">111,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">111,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">112,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">118,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">114,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2022<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">132,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">125,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">126,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">129,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">131,3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">129,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2023<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">153,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">134,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">134,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">137,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">137,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">140,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2024<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">178,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">141,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">141,1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">142,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">143,3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">143,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">194,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">148,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">144,9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">147,2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">147,8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">148,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2026<\/strong> <strong>(F)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">211,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">155,6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">149,4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">151,7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">153,1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">153,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1771504678293{padding-right: 20px !important;}&#8221;]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03c35c9{color:#0085ca;font-size:20px;}<\/style><h1 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-h4 wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03c35c9\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Outlook for 2026<\/span><\/h1><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Looking ahead to 2026, the data suggest that the exceptional price increases seen in recent years are beginning to ease in many markets. At the same time, the escalation of the conflict in the Middle East has increased uncertainty regarding the actual cost trajectory over the coming year.<\/p>\n<p>For machinery production costs, our 2026 forecast points to average increases of approximately 1.5% in Europe, 4.7% in Asia, 8.0% in Africa, 2.0% in Latin America, 4.0% in the United States and Canada, and 2.6% in Australia and New Zealand.<\/p>\n<p>For construction costs, projected average increases are approximately 3.1% in Europe, 4.6% in Asia, 8.6% in Africa, 3.6% in Latin America, 3.6% in the United States and Canada, and 3.1% in Australia and New Zealand.<\/p>\n<p>Major risks for 2026 include the possible continuation of the conflict in the Middle East and other geopolitical tensions, which could materially affect price volatility and inflation. Should current price shocks become structural, they may add to already elevated global inflation levels and push the index upward by several additional percentage points. At the same time, slowing economic growth, already visible in parts of Europe, could also create deflationary pressures. The eventual interaction of these factors, together with a range of smaller influences, will determine the corrected indices scheduled for publication in 2027.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1771504678293{padding-right: 20px !important;}&#8221;]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69d62f03c4101{color:#0085ca;font-size:20px;}<\/style><h1 class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-h4 wpex-text-left vcex_69d62f03c4101\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Methodological note<\/span><\/h1><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid vcex-divider-center wpex-mx-auto wpex-block wpex-h-0 wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-main\" style=\"margin-block:20px;border-color:#f2f2f2;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]All figures are calculated in local currencies and are based on countries covered by Troostwijk Taxaties. Countries experiencing hyperinflation were excluded from the calculations, including Argentina, Suriname, Lebanon, Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria and Turkey. The International Cost Indices 2026\u00a0provided by Troostwijk are general figures and not related to a specific type of real estate or industry.<\/p>\n<p>The content of the website and the International Cost Indices 2026 have been compiled with the utmost care. The content is regularly checked and updated.\u00a0However, Troostwijk cannot be held liable for the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the website or the indices. In particular, Troostwijk cannot be held liable for any damage or consequences arising from the direct or indirect use of the website\u2019s content.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row el_class=&#8221;confirm-page-message&#8221;][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=&#8221;20&#8243; gap=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1771504678293{padding-right: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Construction costs and machinery production costs both increased by 4.1% globally in 2025. Across regions, construction cost growth ranged from 9.2% in Africa to 2.7% in Australia and New Zealand, while machinery production costs rose between 9.8% in Africa and 1.8% in Europe. For 2026, both categories&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20445,"parent":8445,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/no-sidebar.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20500","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>International indices | Troostwijk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Troostwijk International Cost Indices 2026 - A regional outlook for construction costs for business and industrial real estate and machinery production costs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.troostwijk.nl\/en\/research\/international-indices\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"International indices | Troostwijk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Troostwijk International Cost Indices 2026 - 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